The Issue Of Bullying And Bullying - 1401 Words

Stephanie Lewis Professor James Duran GOVT 2305 4 Nov. 2014 The Issue of Bullying Did you know each year there are over 3.2 million students that are bullied? (11 Facts About Bullying ) Bullying has been a fundamental human demobilizing act for centuries; that has been woven into the crevices of non-physical cruelty and abuse. A simple meaning of bullying is the need for control. (contributors) It has always involved power, pain, persistence and premeditation. Emily Bazelon wrote an article, defining bullying as physical or verbal abuse, repeated over time, and involving a power imbalance. (Bazelon) Bullies typically treat people as objects to be manipulated, radically altering their humanity. People that are bullied often feel violated. In the twenty-first century, bullying is an extremely complex issue that isn’t going to dissolve overnight. Bullying is a worldwide issue among the younger generation. The behavior is major topic and more people are becoming a part of the solution. It will take a collaborative effort to bring about change. (Bullying in Schools: A Behavior Portfolio) Bullying is not a new challenge, it has just involved to be more pervasive and destructive. The intensity of the behavior and its extreme negative consequences has been documented for generations. Society usually has focused on overt forms of physical violence such as crimes of violence referring to sexual assault, murder, and mugging. There are consequences that come with committing suchShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Bullying And Bullying986 Words   |  4 PagesThe issue of bullying has become a continuing challenge in most schools. Bullying is something that continues to affect all schools throughout the United States. Bullyin g is defined as recurrent physical, verbal, sexual, or emotional attacks or pressure by one person who is viewed as being physically or mentally tougher than someone else (Raskauskas and Modell, 2011). Additionally, bullying is especially seen in or experienced by students in special education programs. Many students in specialRead MoreThe Issues with Bullying Essay1113 Words   |  5 PagesBullying; when a person is exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other persons, and he or she has difficulty defending him or herself (OWLEUS, Paragraph 1). This topic is one that’s received extremes on both sides of its awareness, with some people thinking immediate harsh action needs to be taken, while others claim it’s just a kid game. Bullying is in no way a fun game that kids play among themselves; it is a very serious form of abuse that can leadRead MoreBullying : A Social Issue1284 Words   |  6 PagesBULLYING: A SOCIAL ISSUE 2 Abstract Bullying is an issue that has been overlooked for many years because of students being frightened to tell that they are being bullied. Many teachers, administrators, and school counselors underestimate the amount of bullying that takes place within schools. The behavior of bullying has impacted so many students’ lives to the point of causing a student to want to cause harm to his or her self or others. Many students that bully threaten theirRead MoreBullying Is A Serious Issue852 Words   |  4 PagesOf the many issues we face in society, I strongly believe there is a serious issue that is commonly overlooked. This issue happens to be bullying. Many people would be led to believe that bullying is something that only takes place in schools, commonly among younger children. Contrary to what many may think, this is extremely inaccurate. Bullying takes place before our eyes each and every day. Bullying can take place at school, work, and online. This issue is something that sh ould be addressed byRead MoreThe Issues Of Cyber Bullying946 Words   |  4 Pages Coastal Carolina University The Issues of Cyber-bullying Alyssa Staub CSCI 101 – D1 Professor Matthews October 23, 2017 â€Æ' Cyber bullying has been a topic for scholarly inquiry, political debate, and policy reform since the commercialization of the Internet. Pre-internet bullying involved socially marginalized children and teenagers picking on their friends and other marginalized children at school. Traditional discipline included detentions, phone calls to their parentsRead MoreBullying Is A Universal Issue1428 Words   |  6 PagesBullying is a universal issue that can be found in schools worldwide and it has become an increasing pressing issue within the current school system. It can be said that bullying begins during the earlier stages of primary school and then continues through to secondary schools. According to the NSPCC (2014), bullying is defined as â€Å"a behaviour that hurts someone.† This type of behaviour can involve an individual engaging in name calling, threatening another individual as well as physically abusingRead MoreThe Issue Of Bullying At School951 Words   |  4 Page sassignment I am going to describe an issue that I passionate about it. Bully is an issue that destroys a family specialist the kid involve in the situation. Those children can experience negative physical, school, and mental health issues. Kids who are bullied are more likely to experience. Depression and anxiety, increased feelings of sadness and loneliness, changes in sleep and eating patterns, and loss of interest in activities they used to enjoy. These issues may persist into adulthood. Three actionsRead MoreThe Issue Of Cyber Bullying1997 Words   |  8 Pagesare face to face with peers and friends daily so their internet use would be most prominent whilst at home. With such frequent activity and easily accessible Internet access problems are bound to arise which is how the issue of cyber bullying is born. The definition of â€Å"Cyber Bullying is the act of using the Internet, mobile phones, video games, or other technology gadgets to send, text, or post images intended t o hurt or embarrass another person.† (Friendlyschools 2015). The case study topic of cyberbullyingRead MoreBullying And The Victim And Understanding The Issues Essay1425 Words   |  6 Pages Bullying how to Protect the Victim and Understanding the Issues Rikkie Oree Johnson Way PSYC3520 Intro to Social Psychology Unit 9 Assignment 1 Capella University December ,2016 Stopping Victimology while Educating Others When interacting in a group environment what makes some individuals more prone to bullying behavior and others more likely to be the victim? These terms and actions once defined and understood can be itemized to break down the cycle of bullying. UnderstandingRead MoreBullying Is A Common And Serious Issue1218 Words   |  5 Pages What is teachers’ role in the school? Bullying is a common and serious issue in many schools these days and bullying is not only the United States’ but also in other countries’ problem. Basically, bullying prevents students from feeling safe in schools and also it prevents developing positive self-concepts. The longer bullying goes on, the more the students are affected. In handling bullying problems, teacher’s role is the most important to prevent bulling because teachers can directly interact

American Presidency Free Essays

string(71) " and secure environment for Americans and the international community\." Domestic policy encompasses a variety of policy issues which range from poverty, law enforcement, environmental protection, labor relations among other issues. However, in recent years, the focus in domestic policy has shifted to focusing on health care insurance, stem cell and AIDS research, prescription drug coverage, educational testing and accountability, drilling, logging, welfare reform, gay marriage, affirmative action, homeland security, transportation safety among other issues . Discussions over these issues are usually contentious since the members of the cabinet have control over how they are formulated and implemented. We will write a custom essay sample on American Presidency or any similar topic only for you Order Now The cabinet was created in order to allow political constituencies considered important an institutional voice in running of the government affairs. The rise of important constituencies and issues necessitate the devotion to domestic policy by agencies. In this regard, the presidents in power have usually coordinated policy development using centralized mechanisms. History of domestic policy over various administrations. Many presidents have long felt that they had limited powers over the domestic policy. During the 1930s, Franklin Roosevelt had a desire to increase control over this policy and began examining the legislation which was being sent by agencies and departments to Congress. This was a process which was known as ‘central clearance’ and it was aimed at strengthening the presidency. It achieved this purpose since after sometime, in addition to examining the proposed legislation; the president has the power to examine the executive orders, proposed testimony and enrolled bills. In 1939, there was the creation of the Executive Office of the President. There was also the creation of White House Office, and this ensured that the president had a cadre of personal staff at his disposal. President Truman increased involvement in development of policies, as well as the size of personal staff. Dwight Eisenhower doubled the staff portfolios including the White House Office for planning, atomic energy, and agriculture and airways modernization. President Kennedy joined the presidency and undid most of the formal structures that Dwight Eisenhower had developed, though he retained the White House policy development. Lyndon Johnson made sweeping policy changes in the domestic policy and expanded the domestic staff of the White House. He also institutionalized several task forces which consulted within and outside government to seek new ideas. President Richard Nixon transformed the Bureau of the Budget of Office of Management and Budget. This office was designed to help him in management the wider executive branches. New political appointees were installed and they had a higher rank than the career analysts of the agency. The next president, Gerald Ford, eliminated the Domestic Council and created the Economic Policy Board which was also staffed by personnel of the White House. Carter on the other hand sacked five cabinet secretaries, and this undermined the gains which had been made as far as centralized staff was concerned. Ronald Reagan increased control of central domestic budgeting and he defended this decision by explaining the need for urgent budget at the time. This led to an increase in control of the policy development. He also used the White House to create seven cabinet councils and their purpose was to ensure that heads of departments followed priorities of the White House. His model has been retained by subsequent presidents, though it has changed names severally. Under President Bush, it was known as the â€Å"Domestic Policy Council’. President Clinton on the other hand increased the National Economic Council and this was formed to handle issues which did not fit into DPC or NSC jurisdiction. The system was also retained by President Bush, and he increased the composition of the DPC staff to over twenty professionals. Power of President over domestic policy. Currently the President has limited powers over the domestic policy due to influence from Congress. However, the president can influence the domestic policy through two ways; appointments or reorganization. These ways can be used to gain influence over agencies which the presidency has no prior control over. The presidency can also to a certain extent influence the interpretation of law through directing the agencies on how to interpret bills which have been signed into law, by use of ‘signing statements’. In case legislation is silent or vague on certain matters, the presidency may use executive orders, presidential proclamations or memoranda to shape the implementation of the law. It may shape the law and direct it in a direction which may be different from the one the lawmakers contemplated. For instance, President Clinton used the presidential proclamation to develop a national monument in Utah, on two million acres of land. President Bush on the other hand set up a military tribunal for non-citizen terrorist suspects through an executive order in 2001. Another means which the presidency uses to control domestic policy is through the process of rule-making. The Office of Management and Budget plays the role of reviewing the regulations of the central clearing process. This office has also the power to review draft regulations, especially those which are not favorable to the society. In 1985, an executive order was issued to agencies, requiring them to forward an ‘anticipated regulatory actions’ list which was to be reviewed by OMB. Interest groups and legislators grumbled, though Reagan and subsequent presidents have maintained these processes, some of which are stronger. Congress realized this loophole and established statutory power which delayed changing major rules by sixty days, in 1995. During that period, Congress also gave itself power to veto such decisions through joint resolution. In 2001, this veto was used against rules of ergonomics which the Occupational Safety and Health Administration had issued. American Presidency control over foreign policy. The United States foreign policy guides the relationship which the United States has with other foreign nations. It is very influential mainly due to the reason that the United States has the largest economy and that it is the only superpower present . The aim of the US foreign policy is the creation of a prosperous, democratic and secure environment for Americans and the international community. You read "American Presidency" in category "Papers" It deals with export controls such as non-proliferation of nuclear hardware and technology, safeguarding US interests abroad, as well as fostering trade and economic relations with other countries. Many people are of the opinion that the American presidency has more control over foreign policy than domestic policy . This especially became clear after the September 11 terrorism attacks against the United States. However, there has been a long conflict between the President and Congress over the right to formulate foreign policy. The main debate has centered on if congress and the Presidency are equal partners in formulation of the foreign policy, or if the Presidency is solely responsible for the formulation of the foreign policy. There is also a debate on whether Congress has the right to enact legislation which controls the flexibility of the Presidency. This struggle for control of foreign policy between Congress and the Presidency began during the world wars after countries began being interdependent. In 1920, Congress challenged the presidential treaty and began being assertive in running the foreign policy agenda. Some people are of the view that the intrusion of Congress in the running of the foreign policy has been disastrous and may have hindered a crucial US role, which may have averted World War Two . War powers. According to the US constitution, the President and Congress share power to declare war against other countries. However, many presidents have not involved Congress when ordering war against other countries which are considered to be enemies of the United States. President Thomas Jefferson dispatched US Naval ships to guard vessels against attacks by pirates without prior Congressional approval. The president later secured support from Congress, though he set a precedent which has been used by many subsequent presidents. Another example is President Nixon and Johnson who although had support from Congress, there was unanimous agreement among Congress that the actions in the Vietnam War had gone beyond those which had been given approval. In 1973, the passing of the War Powers Resolution Act was passed, and it required the president to seek approval from Congress whenever soldiers were about to be put in harm’s way . It also stipulated that hostilities should be ended by the President within 60 days, unless war had been declared against another country by Congress, or if the 60 day condition had been extended by Congress. The third exception was if withdrawing soldiers after 60 days would cause harm to them. Non military foreign aid. Foreign assistance is a part of the US foreign policy and is under the international affairs budget of the State Department. Some of the components include economic assistance which supports security and political goals, bilateral development aid, multilateral economic contributions and humanitarian aid. In fact, the US is the largest aid donor internationally in absolute dollar terms. Domestic versus international powers. Currently, the United States Presidency has greater power in the international arena, as has been analyzed in the domestic policy and foreign policy above. Due to the resistance by Congress on control over the domestic policy by the Presidency, this marked the beginning of curtailing the President’s powers as far as domestic policy control is concerned. It has also been discussed that in 1995, Congress gave itself statutory powers to delay implementation or even reverse unfavorable policies and laws which are imposed by the Presidency. On the other hand, it has been discussed that the US foreign policy was also meant to be controlled by the Presidency and Congress on an equal basis . The opposition to unpopular presidential policies began as early as 1920. However, President Thomas Jefferson set a precedent when he overlooked the mandate of Congress as far as foreign policy formulation is involved. This precedent was followed by many subsequent presidents, as has been discussed in the paper. Other presidents sought the approval of Congress before implementing foreign policy, but once they got this approval, they went beyond the boundaries of the mandate that they had been given. This undermined the role of Congress as far as foreign policy was involved. Currently, it is clear that the Presidency has more control over the foreign policy than over the domestic policy. The domestic policy can only be influenced through appointments and reorganization. This is a very limited form of control over Congress. However, in the foreign policy control, the Presidency can impose policies which go over the mandate of Congress. This illustrates that the American Presidency has more control in foreign policy affairs as opposed to the domestic policy. Arguments against greater international power by US presidents. Some people are of the view that the US presidency should have limited powers as far as foreign policy or international power is involved. One of the main reasons for supporting this argument originates from the track record of previous presidents as far as international power is involved. Many of the previous presidents including Gerald Ford, John Kennedy, Jimmy Carter, George Bush and Ronald Reagan have been accused by many political experts of pursuing American interests as far as capitalist tendencies are involved, and ignoring domestic issues including real democracy and human rights. For instance, President Bush has been accused of exploiting international power and waging the war against Iraq, which has cost billions of dollars, yet many people in America do not have access to basic services . The number of people who do not have medical insurance at all, or have limited coverage, is more than two million, and millions others do not have access to decent housing. In spite of this situation, billions of dollars are being spent annually in Iraq and other external military installations, despite opposition from the public. There are also people who are of the opinion that the US foreign policy supports some current and former dictatorial regimes through the foreign policy, and this undermines the gains which have been made through democracy, as well as undermines the human rights agreements. Due to the current financial crisis which faces the United States and other countries of the world, it is very important for the current US President to concentrate more on the domestic policy than international policy, since the economy of the United States is at stake. Summary and conclusion. It has been discussed that the American Presidency has certain influence over Congress in both the foreign and domestic policy affairs. However, the Presidency is able to control the foreign affairs policy more than the domestic policy largely due to the precedent which was set by President Thomas Jefferson. Most people are against the excess control over the foreign policy, especially during this time of the global economic crisis, where the Presidency should be more focused on improving the local economy. It is hoped that the current president will involve Congress in all policy affairs, in order to get through the economic crisis and develop an effective foreign policy. Works Cited. Ambrosio, Thomas. Ethnic identity groups and U. S. foreign policy. Washington: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002, p 117-122. Barilleaux Ryan J. Rozell Mark J. Power and Prudence: The Presidency of George H. W. Bush. Texas: Texas AM University Press, 2004, p 27-32. DeConde Alexander, Burns Richard Dean, Logevall Fredrik. Encyclopedia of American foreign policy. Washington: Scribner, 2002, p 255-261. May Bernhard, Honicke Michaela, Moore Michaela Honicke. The Uncertain Superpower: Domestic Dimensions of U. S. Foreign Policy After the Cold War. Washington: VS Verlag, 2003, p 29-36. Singh, Robert. American Government and Politics: A Concise Introduction. New York: SAGE, 2003, p 270-275. Sylvan David Majeski Stephen. US Foreign Policy in Perspective: Clients, Enemies and Empire. London: Routledge, 2009, p 40-46. Wittkopf Eugene R. 7 McCormick James M. The Domestic Sources of American Foreign Policy: Insights and Evidence. New York: Rowman Littlefield, 2007, p 34-38. How to cite American Presidency, Papers American Presidency Free Essays The books Presidential Power and the Modern Presidents: The Politics of Leadership, The Presidency In A Separated System, and Debating the Presidency: Conflicting Perspectives on the American Executive attest that in the United States, the president has extensive powers. He or she functions in many capacities on tap. As a separated system, Charles O. We will write a custom essay sample on American Presidency or any similar topic only for you Order Now Jones says that the American president essentially though the president in the United States is also the chief policymaker and leader of the president’s political party, they share the roles of head of state, head of government, and commander-in-chief of the armed forces (Neustadt, 1991). The president is thus the most unifying force in a political system in which power is highly dispersed, both within the government and between government and the people. The president and advisors also establish and administer national policies in such areas as social security, education, health, civil rights, and air and water pollution (Neustadt, 1991). Because of the importance of the United States in international affairs as the president is the chief diplomat himself, the US presidential race is followed with interest all over the world. Richard J. Ellis and Michael Nelson also point out that as the U. S. politics as a separated system affects the elected president, the US president, as political leader, appoints cabinet and subcabinet officers, federal judges, US attorneys, and ambassadors to important foreign countries and fills several thousand other jobs of varying importance. The president also administers an executive pork barrel or the distribution of federal funds to be spent on public works, military installations, and social programs. The president and advisors also establish and administer national policies in such areas as social security, education, health, civil rights, and air and water pollution. The foremost prize of American politics is granted to anyone who qualifies for the position after a ballot vote. The election of the president of the United States every 4 years is the focal point of the American political process. Because of the importance of the United States in international affairs as the president is the chief diplomat himself, the US presidential race is followed with interest all over the world. The formal qualifications for presidential candidacy, as limited by Article II Section 1 of the Constitution, are that the aspirant must be at least 14-year natural-born resident of the United States and must have reached the age of 35. the 25th Amendment to the Constitution details procedures for presidential and vice-presidential succession when there is a vacancy in either office that the president becomes incapacitated. Should the presidency and the vice-presidency become vacant simultaneously, the Speaker of the House and the president pro tempore of the Senate, in that order are next in the line of succession, followed by members of the cabinet in a specified order. When war broke out in 1914, President Woodrow Wilson had announced a policy of neutrality for the United States. This policy was hard to maintain for a number of reasons. Most Americans sympathized with Britain and France because they were democratic countries. It is the exemplary polity of the United States that buttresses the foreign policies established and engaged in by American presidents (Jones, 1994). How much a president is weighed down by either a domestic policy or a foreign policy is a matter of debate. From a pragmatic perspective, the ease of the president’s management of policies is contingent on persistence to the United States’ welfare in the long run. For instance, U. S. military and foreign policies have been progressively maneuvered by the need to guarantee steadfast access to overseas oil, more than ever in the Middle East, and that as American imported oil dependence carries on to ironically strengthen our industries and conflict with some British-dependent Arab nations, the American forces will ever more find themselves waging war to guard oil-producing zones and supply routes. American leaders have preferred to â€Å"securitize† oil while preserving healthy international relations (Ellis and Nelson, 2006). Foreign policies have also made American presidents wary of their consequences at the local level (Zernicke, 1994). No question about it; the 9/11 incident was the commencement of enlarged hostilities and vigilance as well. Security needs have turned our country into a police state. The bottomline of this is the tight spot between safety of private individuals and the world as a whole (Ellis and Nelson, 2006). Adds Richard Neustadt, the United States is a natural businesswoman too if modern capitalism is any indication. The United States is one of the four huge countries that accounted for more than two-thirds of total world exports. The president truly accustomed to this separated system seems to partake not merely the powers but the country’s resources as he welcomes the idea of internationalism because it is what will make most of the Americans’ lives easy however hard it may be for him to sustain the strength of the U. S. dollar in the international market. The American economy has been a symbol of the wealth of a nation. The efforts of our forefathers and present geniuses have created economic values, which drive the presidents to be protective of local interests in the global village (Neustadt, 1991). Historically, as the United States grew stronger economically, its leaders continued to favor a policy of expansion. The rapid growth of industry created a need for markets for American manufactured goods and a need for raw materials (Ellis and Nelson, 2006). Moreover, several prominent Americans believed that expansion would demonstrate American power and greatness. It was the destiny of the United States, they argued, to become a great power, and this meant extending American influence to other lands and raising the American flag on distant shores. It may not be easy to carry out foreign policies for a single president that may need to contend with a legion more of leaders in the international arena, but what his painstaking efforts make of his image will be an easy preference for the people that put him in the White House (Neustadt, 1991). Many international allies resented the growing influence and power of the United States. They felt their neighbor to the north had turned from a protector to an aggressor. But by its role in the Caribbean, in particular, the United States revealed its strength as a nation. In only a little more than a century it had grown from an infant republic to a major power in international affairs (Ellis and Nelson, 2006). Richard Neustadt, Charles O. Jones, Richard J. Ellis and Michael Nelson prove that Americans cannot deny the fact that in our political experiences, the successive change in political leadership led to anything but an improvement in the lives of the people. The domestic policies had improved education and had built housing, schools, roads, and railways. But on a larger scale, federalism just proves that the American polity is the most influential political event in world history. It provided for the actualization of the ideals and principles of such political thinkers as John Locke, Rousseau, and many others (Jones, 1994). The achievement of independence, adoption of the Constitution, and the creation of the republic served as lessons to other people in their struggle to build their nation. The success of the federal republic proved that individual states could be united under a central government but still free to act in order to solve their internal problems (Neustadt, 1991). We have been living under representative democracy, which basically means that we have elected presidents among a variety of leaders to represent us, to give us voice in forums, and then periodically we have judged well they represented us. American polity, in the very form of the Constitution, gives the world a mindset miraculous in the era of revolutions; that if we value freedom and independence, if we are disturbed by the conformity of attitudes, values, and behavior that bureaucracies often induce, then we may wish to set up conditions and policies that foster uniqueness, self-direction, and human dignity, locally or globally. Works Cited Neustadt, Richard. (1991) Presidential Power and the Modern Presidents: The Politics of Leadership. Free Press. Jones, Charles O. (1994). The Presidency In A Separated System. Brookings Institution. Ellis, Richard J. and Michael Nelson. (2006). Debating the Presidency: Conflicting Perspectives on the American Executive. CQ Press. How to cite American Presidency, Papers

Essay on Terraforming Mars By Top Experts-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Your essay should be written for a well informed but non-specialist audience. The style (not the format) used in popular science magazines such as Scientific American or New Scientist would be a suitable guide. Remember, you are not writing for experts, so if you use technical jargon you will need to explain it.topic of the essay is Terraforming MarsIs it feasible to turn Mars into a habitable planet, as described, for example, in KimStanley Robinsons science fiction trilogy, Red Mars, Green Mars, Blue Mars? Ifso, is this a goal we should pursue? Answer: Abstract Mars is long lasting attraction for habitation. Similarities in several issues like rotational times, gravitational forces, axial tilt etc made the option of considering mars for habitation. However there are still difficulties like not existence of the magnetic field, no proper atmosphere etc. The present essay review several features in presenting an overview of terraforming mars. Preface Terraforming of Mars is a process of making the planet habituated. It is nothing but transforming the hostile atmosphere on the planet mars to the one that is habitable. The process of changing the planet involves colonization of the total space on the mars hospitable to the human beings. This will make the atmosphere more comfortable and safer for living on. Terraforming is actually conceptualized by considering the increased global population and the problems with the life basic necessities. There are several challenges in making the planet habituated (J, 1992) (Haynes et al, 1992) (McKay et al, 1991) (Fogg, 1995). Problems and challenges in terraforming Gravitational force on Mars is very less when compared with the gravitational force on earth. Gravitation on Mars is only 38% of the gravitational force on the planet Earth. Weightlessness is one of the specific conditions, which are detrimental to the human beings wellbeing. However 38% of the earths gravitational force may not be sufficient to make the people on Mars for leading a life without health problems. When compared with the atmosphere of the earth the atmosphere on the planet mars is not thick. Even though the solar wind effect is higher on the earth when compared with Mars, the lower volatility is still not compensating the low gravity effect of the planet Mars. Hence it is very much needed to keep up the sources of the atmospheric gases to keep the environment sufficiently dense for the human beings to lead a comfortable life. There is no magnetosphere on the mars, this is a reason for the low dense atmosphere on the planet. Also this is contributing factor for the loss of water from the Mars. Apart from these issues protection of Ozone layer to prevent UV rays is not there on mars, which makes the people vulnerable to the x-ray exposure and the subsequent diseases. There is need for atleast 31T of magnetic field on the planet Mars to keep the effects of the solar wind at its distance from the Sun. However still the Mars is diagnosed like containing life habitable conditions which make it fit for in the zone nearer to the extendable habitable zone. Mars does not possess nay magnetic field and hence is a major obligation to maintain preferable conditions like on the Earth. But the good issue is that it has key elements in the soil which are very much required for leading a comfortable life on the Mars, like sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous as well as carbon. Large amount of water ice exist below the Martian surface as well as on the surface at the poles where it is mixed with dry ice. As per the estimations, there is large quantity of water pre sence on the mars, if all the water vapor mixed with the dry ice and that stored at the poles if melted will result in an ocean bed of 11m height over the entire mars surface. Another attractive feature for terraforming the mars surface is that the existence of oxygen in the mars atmosphere in the form of the liquid water, in the form of the metal oxides, as well in the form of CO2, the major constituent in the mars environment. Oxygen extraction from all these sources will be sufficient to make the plant habitable on the Mars (Fogg, 1993) (McKay et al, 2001) (Mole, 1995) (Thomas, 1995) (Zubrin, 1995). Strategies for making the Mars habitable Mars can be habituated by performing a sequence of activities that makes it good for the human habitation. The most important steps are like building up the atmosphere on the mars surface, keeping the surface of Mars warm as well as keeping the atmosphere from being lost to the outer space from the Mars surface. Once the mars is heated the abundant CO2 present on the surface of the Mars will result in keeping warm the surface of the warm, At the same time more CO2 will generated at the frozen poles of the planet and will result in enhancement of the atmospheric gases on the planet. Hence contribute to the atmosphere build up. So heating the planet and building of the atmosphere are both mutually augmenting processes on the planet (McKay, 2009) (Fogg, 2000) (Graham, 2003) (Zubrin 2011) (Zubrin, 1992). Other major attractive feature is the sublimation of the Co2 into the atmosphere. The rich quantity of Co2 existing at the poles of the planet if heated by the atmospheric heating process, it will result in the pressure built up and it is possible to reach high pressures as high as 30kPa it is comparable with the lowest pressures at high altitudes like Mount Everest. Other possible atmospheric built up activity is bringing and keeping the Nitrogen on the planet Mars. This can be imported from any one of the other planets existing in the solar system. Such transfer of Nitrogen on to the planet will keep the surface of the atmosphere sufficiently dense and comfortable. Other build up process will include importing of the hydrocarbons as well as methane gas into the Martian atmosphere. All these processes do have impact on the pressure levels on the surface of the mars and will make the atmosphere comfortable for human beings to lead a comfortable life. Importing hydrogen into the Marti an atmosphere will result in the formation of the water vapor as well as the necessary heat, water, and graphite to the atmosphere via the reaction called Bosch reaction. Use of fluorine compounds is another preferable import process to keep the climate conditions comfortable for the human habitation. Other techniques involves usage of the orbital mirrors round the surface of the mars will result in increase in the insolation of the mars and will result in the increase in the temperature of the mars surface. Other procedures for efficient usage of the Mars surface include spreading of the dark dust from the Mars moon. Introduction of the dark extremophile type of microbial life forms such as lichens, algae, bacteria etc. will make it absorb more amount of the sunlight and will keep the atmosphere warm. Making impact using asteroids is another popular technique where in the impact of the asteroids as well as the nitrogen collected from the asteroids will result in increasing the temp erature of the planet as well will also result in the nitrogen addition to the atmosphere. Is it feasible? Referring to the ideas presented in the fiction like Red mars, Green Mars and Blue mars novel collections, there is a great deal of work presented. Even though the novel is complete fiction, the ideas in the novel exhibit more a possible situation on Mars in the coming centuries. Even though the greater parts of the novel works on to present the responses of different human groups on earth and their fight against the autocracy by various multinational organizations with varying objectives, inherently the scientific back drop and the fiction presented in the novel has potential to become reality in the coming future. One of the great number of happenings in the novel are customizing the Mars planet as habitable, the techniques described are more probable to be realistic. Out of several techniques proposed in the literature, hitting the with asteroids to increase the temperature as well as the nitrogen content on the atmosphere is one of the most likely possible technique for terraform ing the Martian surface as habitable. Even though at the outset, the planet mars has nothing attractive to offer to the human beings, the continuous increase in the population of the planet Earth promoted a favorable condition to terraform the Mars surface to remain habitable. The option of the selecting the Mars has several underlying reasons, like Mars is the nearer planet to the earth as well it has number of ingredients sufficient to live on the planet mars. Water is abundantly available at the polar ice caps, Carbon and nitrogen which are primary requiements of the human beings living is abundantly available in the form of carbon dioxide in the martian atmosphere. Also present is Nitrogen which can be further imported or extracted by several means to keep up the atmpheric pressures on the martian surface. The present atmospheric concentration of the Mars surface contain 95.3% of carbon dioxide, 2.7% of nitrogen as well as 1.6% of Argon on the surface, 0.2% of oxygen. Considerin g the conditions on the other nearer planets, Mars proves to be an attractive planet for terraforming. Even though Venus is much nearer to the Earth, the average temperature on the surface of Venus is quite higher. Also Mars bears almost similar day night cycle timings (Rotational time) as well as the tilt of the mars also resemble much similar attributes like the Earth, gravitational pull one third that on the Earths surface. Possible technique of terraforming the Mars is setting up gigantic mirrors at a distance of few hundreds of miles of distance from the mars surface and re transforming the solar radiation on to the mars surface to keep the temperature of the mars surface to rise by few degress. The most important feature is to rise the temperature of the polar ice caps and to let the water solidified there to release carbon dioxide, believed to got trapped in. With few years of continuous heating, it is also possible to get CFCs on to the surface to make the environment more feasible for adaptation by the human beings and this inturn will result is sufficiently denser atmosphere for the human beings to live on. Even though considering the current traction effort required to reach mars from the earth, the hundreds of thousands of tons weight of the mirror panels are difficult to transport to the mars surface as of today, however it will be possible to carry out the construction of the mirrors on the m ars surface itself, this will make the strategy more practicable (Sparrow, 1992) (Otto, 2003) (Bonsor, 2014) (Ardelean et al, 2008) (Cockell, 2002) Other views of habitation An estimation of 200years is proposed in the literature for making the creation of the hard plant and microbial growth. After that it is possible to create conditions tolerable for human beings in a time of about 21000 years (J, 1992). Hayes et al (1992) proposed a practicable ecopoiesis on the mars environment, the process consist of planting hard microbes on the planet of the Mars to start grooming the biosphere on the mars surface. However the actual human habitation can happen a number of years after the evolution of the same. One approach as proposed by McKay et al (1991), considered that the release of the CHG and CFCs will warm up the planet by about 20K and this in turn will result in large quantities of the H2O from the polar caps, this water along with the large quantities of the CO2 present on the surface of the Mars will result in an atmosphere feasible for the plants to grow on. The pressurizing the planet do happen If there are sufficient Co2 reservoirs in the ice caps, if they are not present in additional Co2 would have to be released from the carbonate materials to make the atmosphere sufficiently dense for the growth of the human beings. This will take up a large number of years to yield desirable environment. More intensive research is required into the possibilities of studying the issues like availability of N2, warming Mars, methods of releasing Co2, Photochemistry and O2 mixing ration of 2 bar Co2, photo chemistry of O3 mixing, long term stability etc (Mckay et al, 1993) to completely understand the mars climatic conditions and to create a habitable life on the mars(McKay et al, 1998)(Moss,2006)(Hue et al 2014)(McKay, 2003)(Tomblin et al, 1998). Conclusion There are two things that actually promoted the interest in the mars habitation, one is the growing population on the earth and the other admiration in the similarities of the Martian environment and the Earths basic environment. The presence several mandatory ingredients on the earth like Nitrogen, Carbon dioxide, water, phosphorous etc making it a viable option to be considered for habitation. 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